Lead Intoxication in an Anuric Patient: Management by Intraperitoneal EDTA

Abstract

Treatment of lead intoxication with intravenous ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) depends on the urinary excretion of chelated lead. This route of excretion was absent in a 48-year-old patient with childhood lead exposure and end stage renal failure who developed encephalopathy and a rapidly progressive neuropathy thought to be due to acute lead intoxication. Diagnosis was confirmed by lead chelation with EDTA and neurophysiological studies. EDTA was added by the patient to her chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid each week and chelated lead excreted in the dialysate. Intraperitoneal administration of EDTA was 70% as efficient in removing lead as intravenous administration. Four months of home chelation therapy was associated with resolution of the encephalopathy but no improvement in the peripheral neuropathy.